Islands and atolls




Atoll or island Island area (km2) Lagoon (km2) Coordinates NWR
established		 Acquired FIPS CodeF GECG

North Pacific Ocean, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

Midway Atoll 6.2 40 28°13′N 177°22′W / 28.217°N 177.367°W / 28.217; -177.367 (Midway Atoll) 1988 April 22 1867 August 28 74300 MQ

North Pacific Ocean, scattered isolated islands

Wake IslandA 6.5 6 19°18′N 166°38′E / 19.300°N 166.633°E / 19.300; 166.633 (Wake Island) 2009 January 16 1899 January 17 74450 WQ
Johnston AtollB 2.63 130 16°45′N 169°31′W / 16.750°N 169.517°W / 16.750; -169.517 (Johnston Atoll) 1926 June 29 1859 September 6 74200 JQ

North Pacific Ocean, Northern Line Islands

Kingman Reef 0.03 76 6°24′N 162°24′W / 6.400°N 162.400°W / 6.400; -162.400 (Kingman Reef) 2001 January 18 1860 February 8 74250 KQ
Palmyra AtollB 11.9 15 5°53′N 162°05′W / 5.883°N 162.083°W / 5.883; -162.083 (Palmyra Atoll) 2001 January 18 1912 February 21 74400 LQ

North Pacific Ocean, Northern Phoenix Islands

Howland Island 1.6 – 0°48′N 176°37′W / 0.800°N 176.617°W / 0.800; -176.617 (Howland Island) 1974 June 27 1856 October 28 74100 HQ
Baker Island 1.5 – 0°12′N 176°29′W / 0.200°N 176.483°W / 0.200; -176.483 (Baker Island) 1974 June 27 1856 October 28 74050 FQ

South Pacific Ocean, Central Line Islands

Jarvis Island 4.5 – 0°22′S 160°01′W / 0.367°S 160.017°W / -0.367; -160.017 (Jarvis Island) 1974 June 27 1856 October 28 74150 DQ

North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea

Navassa IslandC 5.4 – 18°24′N 75°01′W / 18.400°N 75.017°W / 18.400; -75.017 (Navassa Island) 1999 December 3 1858 October 31 74350 BQ
Bajo Nuevo BankD 0.02 155 15°53′N 78°38′W / 15.883°N 78.633°W / 15.883; -78.633 (Bajo Nuevo Bank) 1869 November 22 (none) (none)
Serranilla BankE 0.02 1200 15°50′N 79°50′W / 15.833°N 79.833°W / 15.833; -79.833 (Serranilla Bank) 1879 September 8
1880 September 13		 (none) (none)
U.S. Minor Outlying Islands 40.26 267          
A Claimed by the Marshall Islands.
B Previously claimed by Hawaii when independent. Palmyra Atoll was officially part of Hawaii until 1959.
C Claimed by Haiti.
D Administered by Colombia and claimed by Jamaica and Nicaragua, not included in the ISO list of territories; its area is not included in the total.
E Administered by Colombia and claimed by Honduras and Nicaragua, not included in the ISO list of territories; its area is not included in the total.
FEach island (except for Bajo Nuevo Bank and Serranilla Bank) has a unique FIPS (INCITS) code treating it as a county-equivalent for statistical purposes; "74" is the state-level code for the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands.
GGEC stands for "Geopolitical Entities and Codes", a coding system superseding the FIPS 10-4 codes; the codes (such as FQ for Baker Island) treat each island as if it were a country.

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Overview

Except for Palmyra Atoll, all of these islands are unincorporated unorganized territories of the United States. As of 2019update, none of the islands has any permanent residents. The Territory of Palmyra Atoll is an incorporated territory, separated in 1959 from the rest of the former incorporated Territory of Hawaii when Hawaii became a state. The only human population consists of temporarily stationed scientific and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service personnel. The 2000 census counted 315 people on Johnston Atoll and 94 people on Wake Atoll. There has been no modern indigenous population, except at the 1940 census. The islands are grouped together as a statistical convenience. They are not administered collectively, nor do they share a single cultural or political history beyond being uninhabited islands under the sovereignty of the United States. They are all outside of the customs territory of the United States and have no customs duties. Except for Midway Atoll, the Pacific island...
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History

In 1936 a colonization program began to settle Americans on Baker, Howland, and Jarvis, but all three islands were evacuated in 1942 as a result of World War II. ISO introduced the term "United States Minor Outlying Islands" in 1986. From 1974 until 1986, five of the islands (Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Palmyra Atoll, and Kingman Reef) were grouped under the term United States Miscellaneous Pacific Islands, with ISO 3166 code PU . The code of Midway Atoll was MI , the code of Johnston Atoll was JT , and the code of Wake Island was WK . Prior to 1986, Navassa Island, along with several small islands in the Caribbean Sea that are no longer under U.S. sovereignty, were grouped under the term United States Miscellaneous Caribbean Islands, with FIPS country code BQ . The populated Stewart Islands, called Sikaiana and now effectively controlled by the Solomon Islands, are not included in official lists of U.S. Minor Outlying Islands. In 1856, the Kingdom of Hawaii ...
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Flora and fauna

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This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it. ( August 2019 ) List of birds of the United States Minor Outlying Islands List of mammals of the United States Minor Outlying Islands
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